tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55792962536094643252024-02-18T17:39:03.923-08:00UpUphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12330957799230852840noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5579296253609464325.post-88898899560044077942015-06-25T06:54:00.001-07:002015-06-26T00:12:00.338-07:00The Story has not ended – Whatsapp messages of the Pro-Establishment Camp Leaked<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
In a
failed attempt to delay the vote, a group of lawmakers from the
pro-establishment camp walked out from the building right before the voting
time of the electoral reform bill. In the few days after the incident, many of
those lawmakers have admitted that the walkout was poorly coordinated, which
caused a shocking embarrassment to both the Hong Kong and Central government.
Today, Whatsapp messages of the pro-establishment camp right before the walkout
leaked out, putting the President of the Legislative Council, Jasper Tsang
Yok-Sing, in a difficult position. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Pro-democracy
lawmakers, including Alan Leong Kah-Kit and Albert Chan Wai-Yip, doubted the
impartiality of Tsang for his participation in the Whatsapp group. Jasper
Tsang, in the Whatsapp conversation, described Albert Chan as a “thief”. Chan
expressed discontents with the statement and demanded that Tsang should resign
from the presidency. <o:p></o:p></div>
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In
their open letter to Tsang, lawmakers from the pro-democracy camp demanded
Tsang to strictly comply with his promise of political neutrality. They also
demanded Tsang to apologize for his participation in the Whatsapp conversation,
make suggestions on how to avoid making the same mistakes, and re-make his
promise of political neutrality. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Tsang
explained that his comment was “just a joke”, and he refused to resign. Even
though Tsang emphasized that he did not, by participating in the Whatsapp
conversation, breach the principle of neutrality, he apologized for his
participation to both the pro-establishment and pro-democracy camps. People
Power, a political party to which Albert Chan belongs, plans to initiate a
motion of no confidence against Tsang. Alan Leong, the leader of the Civic
Party, accepted the apology of Tsang, and commented that what is important now
is to make sure that Tsang stick to the principle of political neutrality. <o:p></o:p></div>
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To
the pro-establishment camp, the leak-out has shattered their confidence in
further cooperation. James Tien, the Honorary Chairman of the Liberal Party,
opined on his Facebook that the member who leaked the conversation was
“unethical” (“<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">沒有道義</span>”). <o:p></o:p></div>
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In
response to the leak-out, many pro-democracy lawmakers have joined Telegram,
which is believed to be a more secure counterpart to Whatsapp. <o:p></o:p></div>
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It
is unsure who leaked the conversation out, but it is sure that the mutual trust
among the pro-establishment lawmakers and between the pro-democracy and the
pro-establishment camp is immensely challenged. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Sofushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09290226937532406032noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5579296253609464325.post-35379689009459362202015-06-22T22:14:00.001-07:002015-06-23T01:41:34.585-07:00淺談道歉條例<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">引言</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一直以來,政府部門即使犯錯也極不願意向公眾道歉,其中一個原因是擔心其道歉日後會於法庭上成為不利政府的證據。早於</span>2013<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日,前申訴專員黎年已提議政府研究訂立道歉條例,以鼓勵政府部門向受影響的市民道歉而不需擔心可能引致的法律責任。他表示,不少投訴人士均希望政府部門可向他們道歉,若果政府部門展示避免重蹈覆轍的決心,並衷心說一句「對不起」,往往可令受屈者釋懷。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日前,調解督導委員會發表</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">《在香港制定道歉法例諮詢文件》,認為定明道歉的法律後果可促進各方和解爭議。在包括英國,美國,加拿大,和澳洲等國家,已有《道歉法令》確保道歉不會成為呈堂證據。</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">道歉的法律責任</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在現行法律中,道歉的定義和道歉所可能引致的相關法律責任並不清淅。在道歉所可能引致的法律責任方面,在上述諮詢文件中,委員會提到,不同事件的相關法律責任均由法院判斷。然而,道歉可能會被法院接納為證據,去推論道歉者須負上法院責任。再者,不少保險單的保險條款均禁止受保人承認過失,故受保人或會因為擔心保單失效的拒絕道歉。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現時,無論是普通法案例及學術界,都沒有一個對「道歉」的明確定議。在刑事案件中</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,純粹道歉和承認控罪往往引致截然不同的結果。在</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Lau Ka Yee Michael v HKSAR</u></i><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,被告人劉嘉兒被控性侵男童。在一次被告人和受害人的會面中:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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to tell their side of the story. [The appellant] first of all pleaded to [the
complainant] and asked him to forgive him, and he said that he knew it was
wrong. He also mentioned that when he himself was small, he had also been
sexually abused by somebody. The fourth matter was that he hoped that [the
complainant] could stop the article from being published in the Apple Daily.
These were the four main messages coming out of the mouth of [the appellant]
that night.'</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">辯方認為上述道歉模稜兩可,不足以構成承認控罪。終審法院法官認為,首先,法院必須決定究竟在上述會面中,被告人是在承認控罪還是純粹表達歉意。在第</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">52</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">段,法院認為若果道歉有違道歉者的利益,其道歉足以構成承認控罪:</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">”</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In the case of crime, an apology will constitute an
admission if it is a statement against the interests of the author of the
statement.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">”<span lang="ZH-TW">若果整宗案件唯一的有力證據是含糊其詞的承認控罪,被告的控罪會被撤消:</span>”</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Although an equivocal admission may be admitted in evidence, where a
conviction is based on such an admission and there is no other evidence to
support the conviction, the conviction will be quashed</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">所以,在法律上,</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">1) <span lang="ZH-TW">道歉的定義並不清淅,</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW">)在哪些情況下道歉可被法院接納為推斷責任的證據並不清楚。</span></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">其他國家經驗</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">目前,不少普通法國家,包括美國不少洲份,加拿大,英國,和澳洲均有設立類似的道歉法令,列明道歉不等如承認指控,以及道歉不能在民事案件成為呈堂證據,旨在鼓勵被投訴者道歉,平息爭議。相關法令沿於醫療事故爭議,然而,法令的適用性卻擴展至其他爭議。例如,英國的</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">Compensation Act<span lang="ZH-TW">列明 </span>“</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">An apology, an offer of treatment or
other redress, shall not of itself amount to an admission of negligence or
breach of statutory duty. </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">”<span lang="ZH-TW">加拿大安大略省的</span>Apology Act<span lang="ZH-TW">則是 </span>“</span><span style="background: white; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Despite
any other Act or law, evidence of an apology made by or on behalf of a person
in connection with any matter is not admissible in any civil proceeding,
administrative proceeding or arbitration as evidence of the fault or liability
of any person in connection with that matter.</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">“</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">然而,各國的道歉法令有一個重大的分歧,就是究竟道歉應包含「全面道歉」(意即承認法律過失或責任的道歉,例如:「對不起,這是我的錯」),還是只包含「有限度道歉」(意即沒有承認法律過失或責任的道歉,例如:「對不起」)。關鍵是,若果道歉者在道歉時說了:「對不起,這是我的過失」,有關說話能否被法院接納成為證據,推論出道歉者的法律責任。委員會的諮詢文件認為「全面道歉」是大趨勢,而且「全面道歉者」會被視為懷有更高的歉意及道德,更有助於平息爭議,故建議道歉條例涵蓋「全面道歉」。當然,道歉的定義應否只包含「有限度道歉」仍需留待社會討論,事實上,在有道歉法令的國家,亦有律師認為相關法令應只涵蓋「有限度道歉」</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆者認為,本港的道歉條例應在大部分情況下涵蓋「全面道歉」;然而,若果道歉者為政府,則只應涵蓋「有限度道歉」。首先,調解督導委員會其中一個職責為推動調解在香港的進一步發展,若果「全面道歉」更有效展示道歉者的歉意和道德,從而有助平息爭議,涵蓋全面道歉可更有效達至立法原意。另外,不少道歉者均沒有足夠法律知識理解在相關事故中的法律責任,他們的「全面道歉」可能是基於自身的道德情操,或欲息事寧人的想法,或只是衝口而出,若道歉條例只適用於「有限度道歉」,可能對不少道歉者造成不公。然而,政府是執行本港法律的機構,本身亦有律政司提供法律意見,以上論點並不適用於政府。再者,若政府在道歉中承認責任,但在法庭上卻否認責任,此舉亦並非一個負責任政府所應做的事。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">道歉的法律與政治考量</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">誠如委員會的諮詢文件所指出,道歉有助受害者回從平衡,並在社會上具有道德和教育等作用。再者,道歉有助減輕受害者的焦慮及憤怒等負面情緒,對解決爭議有一定幫助。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">然而,道歉與否的考慮往往不只是法律及道德上的考慮。兩年前,黎年已表示不少政府部門拒絕道歉是基於自身形象的考慮</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。再者,公營機構動輒道歉會有損員工士氣。在政治上,相關公營機構會否道歉還取決於「話事人」的取態,近年警隊屢次拒絕道歉便是一例。社會上,不少人仍認為道歉是懦弱,理虧,和「跪低」的表現。如此種種,都是要求政府道歉的阻礙。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由是觀之,道歉與否並非單單是法律問題</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">除了道歉可能引起的法律責任,政府在道歉是還會考慮到自身形象和良好管治等因素,還會取決於部門負責人對道歉的取態。道歉條例,即使落實,也只是消除了道歉的一道法律障礙,但除去其政治及社會障礙則不是一件一蹴而就的事情。道歉條例的作用,還看立法後政府及市民是否真的有效利用適當道歉,平息爭議。</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(文章亦刊於 香港獨立媒體 http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1035395)</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">註:諮詢文件認為本港的道歉條例不應適用於刑事案件;筆者引用此案例旨在說明單純的道歉和承認責任並非涇渭分明,但兩者所可能引致的法律責任卻十分不同。</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></a>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">見</span>http://www.dooleylucenti.ca/the-apology-act-is-ridiculous-i-am-sorry-to-say/</div>
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http://news.tvb.com/programmes/behindtheheadlines/54e353f06db28c500a000000<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sofushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09290226937532406032noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5579296253609464325.post-53573284390423061852015-05-22T02:23:00.002-07:002015-05-25T03:08:14.385-07:00從家教補習看中學英語教育<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">今年是筆者從事家教補習的第</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW">年,從來自不同學校的學生中,看到現今學生(及家長)在學習英語方面有些共同點。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">勤於背誦,疏於溝通</span><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">同學</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW">能把</span>”undoubtedly”<span lang="ZH-TW">的同</span>/<span lang="ZH-TW">近義詞倒誦如流,每次作文都能寫出</span>”doubtless”,
“indisputably”, “no doubt”<span lang="ZH-TW">等詞語;他亦把</span>Good <span lang="ZH-TW">和</span>Happy<span lang="ZH-TW">的近義詞也記熟了,可在文章和說話考試中交替使用,務求老師會給他一個更高的分數。然而,他的寫作和說話一直在中低分水平徘徊</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">明明他已經很努力了,為何就拿不到高分?筆者認為,不少學生在學習語言方面都誤以為多用近義詞和不同的詞語就是好,卻忽略了不同詞彙在不同語境的適切性,以致用詞生硬、略欠自然。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">相反地,同學</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">沒有刻意背誦詞彙,而是每天都看英文電視劇和英文電影,並堅持只看英文字幕,減低對中文字幕的倚懶。看她的文章,流暢自然,簡單直接;在說話練習時,她亦能自然地把意念表達出來。然而,不少英文老師也曾提點過她,她的寫作和說話雖然很不錯,但離</span>5**<span lang="ZH-TW">及</span>5*<span lang="ZH-TW">還有一段距離。問題出在哪裹?就是她的文章過於簡單直接,不能</span>”Stand
out from the crowd”<span lang="ZH-TW">。這是一件很令人沮喪的事情</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">她的英文水平明明不錯,已可以與</span>Native speakers<span lang="ZH-TW">有效溝通,但在現今考試模式下,文章往往要出現</span>”<span lang="ZH-TW">亮點</span>”<span lang="ZH-TW">才能奪星。(亮點包括:一般同學不會用的詞彙、短語、慣用語、諺語、句式如倒裝句等。)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">比較兩者,不難想像同學</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">付出的時間比同學</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW">多很多,而同學</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">亦一直是我最欣賞的學生之一。然而,香港中學的英語教育卻一直忽略「溝通」,一直強調死記硬背和應試策略,不但令學生誤以為有捷徑可以學好外語,更會使不少類似同學</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">的學子心灰意冷。事實上,由小學開始,英語教育就強調文法至上,教師們花不少時間教授學生(不太有實際作用的)文法,如及物動詞與不及物動詞的分別等。筆者不是說學校完全不應該教授文法,但學校不必過份強調文法在溝通的作用。筆者不少初中學生的校內英文考試,文法就佔了</span>Reading
and Usage <span lang="ZH-TW">卷的大部分分數。要知道,在對錯之上,語言更重要的功能是溝通;如果強調文法的對錯會影響學生學習英文的興趣和使用英文溝通的信心,過份強調文法便是本末倒置。相似的問題,無獨有偶地出現在中學的英語說話課程。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DSE<span lang="ZH-TW">的說話考試看似強調溝通,但事實如此嗎?</span>DSE<span lang="ZH-TW">英語說話考試分為</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW">部分:</span>Part
A<span lang="ZH-TW">是小組討論</span>(Group
Discussion)<span lang="ZH-TW">,</span>Part
B<span lang="ZH-TW">是個人回應</span>(Individual
Response)<span lang="ZH-TW">。</span>Part
A<span lang="ZH-TW">時間長,佔分重,是不少學生勤加操練的部分。然而,小組討論真的有效讓學生學習以英語與人溝通嗎?我的觀察是,學生會把重點放在數個表達和詞彙上,未能真正有效學習與人溝通。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">例如,討論開始時總會有人說</span>”Shall
we start?”; <span lang="ZH-TW">當你同意某個同學的觀點時你會說</span>”I agree with you”; <span lang="ZH-TW">當你不同意某個同學的觀點時你會說</span>”I
am afraid that I don’t agree with you”; <span lang="ZH-TW">其他表達,如</span>”I get your point”, “I think it
is a good idea”, “Why don’t we …”<span lang="ZH-TW">等重覆地充斥著每一次說話練習</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">不論是中中,英中,地區名校,還是程度較弱的學校,英文老師都會教授學生以上的表達方法。然而,相信曾與外國人共事的朋友都知道,在真實的對話中,出現以上對話的頻率其實沒那麼高。順帶一提,不少同學會衝口而出說出</span>”In
my opinion, I think …”<span lang="ZH-TW">,而不少老師也會強調這是錯誤的說法(語意重覆);然而,有時筆者會在想,有必要對這種一時口快,而且沒有影響溝通的講法這麼認真嗎?</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">現今考試導向的英語教學,讓學生把學習側重於背誦某類型單詞片語,忽略了語言的多樣性和靈活性;勤於學習英語溝通的同學,反而會因為風格太</span>”Plain”<span lang="ZH-TW">,而不能奪星。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">學習語言並不是應試技巧</span><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">每一位家長也會要求我多給予他們子女功課,仿佛只要多加操練,同學的英語成績便會有所提升。然而,筆者認為他們不太了解語言科目的獨特之處。學習數理科目,除了掌握好基本知識外,最重要就要操練題目,一方面學習更靈活運用數理公式,另一方面可以透過不斷練習,「做熟」不同類型的題目,考試便可更得心應手。然而,語言科目並不能像數理科目般操練</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">學習語文是一個聚沙成塔的過程,每天學習,(短則)一兩年後才可見成效。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">練習或許對初中學生學習文法有幫助,但對學習英語的其他方面,則作用不大。例如,寫作就不是單靠「操練」可以取得大進步</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">一個學生的寫作水平還取決於他的詞彙量、句式的多樣性、用詞是否適切、文氣是否切合語境、文章意念和組織結構等因素。學生如非已打好紥實的基本功,不管寫多少篇文章,也是徒然。即使是閱讀理解,做練習也不能解決學生詞彙量不足的問題,英語進步的關鍵還是積累。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">所以,即使家長多番要求我給予孩子功課,我也會「左耳入,右耳出」-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">我深信,在中六之前,同學們需要做的,是多讀、多看、多聽、多說,打好基本功,在中六時再慢慢磨練考試技巧。說到底,一隻只有</span>1
lv<span lang="ZH-TW">的比卡超即使使出十萬伏特,也沒可能一招擊倒</span>50lv<span lang="ZH-TW">的水箭龜</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span>– <span lang="ZH-TW">英語根底比考試技巧其實更重要。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">(事實上,家教老師與學校老師不同,沒有「記缺點」和懲罰的權力,即使給予學生</span>0<span lang="ZH-TW">分,也不會在任何成績表上顯示出來,不少同學「</span>Hea<span lang="ZH-TW">」做補習功課,其實是浪費自己時間。)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">結語</span><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5579296253609464325" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW">總的來說,筆者觀察到同學學習</span><span lang="ZH-TW">英文的障礙有數點:第一,過份著動背誦,未能把以背誦的字詞在溝通上應用出來;第二,過份強調文法和讀音的對錯,卻忘記了有效溝通就是擁有良好英語水平的表現;第三,誤把學習</span><span lang="ZH-TW">英文與操練考試技巧劃上等號,徒花時間操練;最後,其實說穿了,就是大部分學生都對學習英文沒有興趣。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hannotate TC Regular"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;">(<span lang="ZH-TW">英國語文考生奪</span>5**<span lang="ZH-TW">率不足</span>1%<span lang="ZH-TW">;資料來源:</span>http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/HKDSE/Exam_Report/Examination_Statistics/dseexamstat14_1.pdf)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hannotate TC Regular"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-fareast;"><br /></span>
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Sofushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09290226937532406032noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5579296253609464325.post-25684741746400760612015-05-20T09:17:00.003-07:002015-05-22T09:41:36.879-07:00Couchsurfing – 梳化客經驗分享<div class="gmail_default" style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Couchsurfing – </u></b><b><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">梳化客經驗分享</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> “Stay with Locals and Make Travel Friends.” <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">-</span> Couchsurfing.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">對於年青人來說,我們有的是時間,缺的是錢,所以,每次去旅行我都會想辦法把預算壓到最低。早前友人介紹嘗試</span>Couchsurfing – <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">免費住在</span>Locals <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的家中,一方面可省下不少旅費,另一方面可以多了解當地文化。過去一年,我在費城、柏林、哥本哈根及布拉格等地成功找到了</span>Hosts<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,為旅程增添了不少回憶。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Couchsurfing </u></b><b><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">危險嗎?要注意什麼?</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">早前新聞報道說有女生在寄宿期間被強姦,又有旅客曾在</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的家中丟掉財物</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span>Couchsurfing <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">危險嗎?</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">其實,這取決於在揀選</span>Hosts<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">時是否小心。筆者在</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">初期就遇過一個「放飛機」的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,需要「臨急臨忙」找旅店。每個</span>Couchsurfing <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的</span>Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">和</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">都會有一個</span>Profile<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,詳細程度因人而異;當然,用心經營自己的</span>Profile<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">絕對對成功找到</span>Host/ Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">有幫助!每次</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">經驗完結之後,網站也會提醒你</span>give reference – positive, neutral, or negative. <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以,每個人的</span>Profile <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">其實也會有多多少少</span>Reference<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">。選</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的第一步就是看看那位用戶的</span>Positive reference<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">多不多。除此之外,還有幾點要注意:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">1)<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">女生找男</span>HOST<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">時,記謹仔細看看他以往</span>Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的性別和評論</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">如果他以往所有</span>Surfers <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">都是女生,而且她們的評論出現:</span>His massage skill is awesome! <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">這樣</span> … <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">不必多說吧</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span>…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">2)<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">第二,不妨留意一下</span>Referee<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的國藉。不少用戶為了在一開始時增加自己找到</span>Host/ Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的成功機會,都會找朋友為自己寫</span>Positive Reference; <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">如果</span>Reference <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">來自同一國家,那很大機會寫</span>Reference <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的人只是用戶的朋友,可信程度大大降低!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">3)<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">仔細看</span>Reference<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">;這點雖然很浪費時間,但是,仔細看</span>Comments <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">其實可以讓你審視</span>Potential hosts/ surfers<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的性格特點,而且在寫</span>Requests<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">是也更輕易能寫到</span>Personalized <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的</span>Request<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,增加成功找到「好人家」的機會。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以,</span>Couchsurfing <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">其實只是一個把人連結起來的媒介,能否找到可信的</span>Hosts<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">為旅程增添意義,還要靠自己匠心獨運</span><o:p></o:p><span style="font-family: 新細明體; text-indent: -24px;">。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Couchsurfing</u></b><b><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的好處?</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">第一個好處當然是可以省下旅費;但曾經嘗試</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的人都明白,除了錢之外,</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">更可以豐富梳化客的旅程!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">聽別人說故事</span><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">其中一個</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的好處就是有機會聆聽不同的人訴說著各自的故事。記得在費城時,</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">和我分享他大學畢業後到歐洲旅行的經歷,還給了我不少有關歐遊的</span>Tips…<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">在布拉格的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">詳細向我解釋了為何捷克人特別強調自己是「中歐」,而不是「東歐」;在慕尼克的</span> Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">夫婦向我分享了他們在意大利找</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的不快經歷,並勸我不要在意大利嘗試找</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">;在斯德哥爾摩的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">(來自馬來西亞)向我解釋了新加坡和馬來西亞的關係,和當中存在著的利益和矛盾。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">說自己的故事</span><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">另一個值得回味的經歷就是可以對自己的經驗和看法與</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">暢所欲言。記得在費城時,</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">對中港台的關係和不同的特色很有興趣,不斷問了我很多問題;他第一條問我的問題就是:中港台三地的人很不同嗎?我立即就答:當然很不同!然後我們便花了很多時間討論了三地的特色;令他費解的就是三地的語言:中台說的是</span>Mandarin (<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">陸:普通話;台:國語</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,而香港說的是</span>Cantonese;<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">但港台用</span>Traditional Chinese<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,而中國內地則用</span>Simplied Chinese…(而他作為「回禮」,告訴了我一些有關費城在美國歷史上的作用和大事件)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">布拉格的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">最有興趣的是香港的食物;我和友人在她家住兩晚,她提議第一個晚上由她煮一道地道菜給我們吃,而另一晚則由我和友人煮一道港式食物給她品嘗(其實我們兩個都不會煮菜,最後到</span>Asian Market<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">買了鼓油和麵就厚著面皮煮了一碟超難吃的鼓油王炒麵</span>…<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Couchsurfing – </u></b><b><u><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">是旅店嗎?</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">千萬不要把</span> Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">當成單單的旅店</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span>it is a lot more than that! Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">是需要</span>Surfer <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">同</span>host <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">雙方的協調和</span>commitment! <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">例如說,</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">不是完全不用付錢的</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">-</span><span lang="ZH-TW"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">我到每個</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的家前都會先買一份小禮物示好。上文說到,有些</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">可能會期待你會煮一味家鄉菜給她/他吃(買材料的費用當然是自己負責)。所以說,</span>Couchsurfing<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">不是純粹的免費住宿服務,它更強調的是把不同國家的人連結起來,讓不同的人可以互相認識。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">因為是住在別人家的關係,有些</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">會不太放心他不在家的時候你在,所以回「家」的時間也會有所限制(這和</span>Airbnb<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">有點不同,我和朋友嘗試過的</span>Airbnb<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">不少都會把鎖匙交給客人,這也許是因為</span>Airbnb<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">是收費的關係吧!)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">所以,其實每個</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">在㨂選</span>Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">時其實也會很小心看</span>Request-ers<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的留言和</span>Profile…<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">有些</span>Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">只把別人的家當成旅店,成功機會減</span>90%<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">呢!我的建議是先把</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的</span>Profile<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">仔細看一次,再</span>Send<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">他/她一個</span>Personalized<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的</span>Request<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">。其實,有不少</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">會在自己的</span>Profile<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">中隱藏了</span>”Test”<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">,測試</span>Surfer<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">有沒有把他的</span>Profile<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">看完:例如,有些</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">會要求</span>Request<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">的標題有特定格式或出現特定的字(聽說這個方法可以為</span>Host Screen<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">走逾</span>9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">成的</span>Request<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">)。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">費城的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">問我喜歡看一個城市的什麼,我告訴他我喜歡看天際線,他介紹我一個免費的方法(還是絕佳的地點)看費城的天際線</span>…<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">果然不錯呢!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">小貓長牙,不繼咬我磨牙</span>… (<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">找</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">時要小心看清楚他有沒有寵物,還有他們是不是</span>Smoker – <span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">選擇適合自己的</span>Host<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 新細明體;">就好</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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(文章亦刊於 輔仁媒體:http://www.vjmedia.com.hk/articles/2015/05/21/107182)</div>
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